The best time for cutting roses is June, July, not spring. During these months, cuttings take root quickly. Many young roses have time to bloom in August - September. But in winter, a lot of such roses die, since their root system is still small and weak. In addition, the shoots and wintering buds, which will have to bloom in the spring, do not have time to ripen well.
Spring cuttings cut in March - April are much more difficult to root, but these cuttings are more prepared for the first winter. With proper care, they are strong, have a well-developed root system and do not die during the winter.
Rooting a rose in the ground
To root the cuttings, they take a small pot, about 8 cm in diameter, put drainage, fill the ground (universal soil or soil for roses), then in the middle of the pot they make a recess with a finger, to a depth of 4 cm, where calcined river sand or vermiculite spilled with boiling water is poured. This is done in order to exclude decay of the roots.
The tip of the stalk is then immersed in a growth stimulant preparation, for which purpose heteroauxin or cornine may be used. The growth stimulator contributes to the rapid development of a powerful root system, as a result, roses form strong bushes that bloom all summer and overwinter easily (with heteroauxin, root formation occurs about twice as fast).
A rose handle powdered with a stimulant is planted in the sand, covered with a cap from the cut off top of a plastic bottle (a 2-liter bottle of soda). The cap must be removed from the cap. Periodically, the hole can be sprayed from a spray gun. A sign of the rooting of a rose in the ground will be the appearance of a new growth - the opening of the apical kidney, a young leaf. Once you notice this, you can remove the plastic cap. Spray the rose two to three times a day.
When the root system fills the entire small pot, you can transplant the rose into a larger pot.
Rooting a rose in the water
You can root roses in a glass of water. It doesn't always work the first time. Sometimes the stalk will stand in the water, and its tip will turn sour, darken. Then you need to cut it off to a green cloth and put it back on root in clean water, but add a tablet of activated carbon. You can root in boiled water and change it to fresh every 2-3 days .
There is another tool that recommends rukodelie.net/plants as its own technique for rooting any cuttings - this is the pharmacy drug Polyphepan (adsorbent). So that the rose stalk does not rot in the water on rooting, put it in such a solution: on a 1 glass of water 1 teaspoon of Polyphepan powder. It is better to change water once a week. The main thing is not to forget that rooting a rose requires not only water, but also light.
Sometimes the roses presented to you for the holiday, standing in a vase of water, form roots. Such roses are not suitable for home cultivation, it is better to plant them in the garden. Remember that only rooted cuttings from indoor roses or the smallest garden cuttings are suitable for indoor cultivation. And the most adapted to life on the windowsill are roses grown from seeds. And then, indoor roses can only be called conditionally, it would be more correct to say greenhouse roses. Any roses, everyone, without exception, needs coolness in winter. If you have a cold insulated balcony, where in winter the temperature is just above zero, you can safely grow roses in pots.
Seed roses
Now on the market there is a wide selection of seeds, you can buy, for example, small polyant roses, or the bush rose 'Wings of Angels' 'Angel Wings' is very popular. But there is a slight disappointment - only species roses can be grown from seeds, and they are not as beautiful and decorative as varietal roses, they are more like rose hips, often they bloom not terry, but simple flowers.
Rose seeds require stratification, simply because it is so conceived by nature - this is a culture of temperate latitudes, not tropical ones. We start sowing in winter, in December-January. First, lay out the seeds on a napkin and moisten with a growth stimulant solution. Remove the saucer with seeds in the refrigerator at 4-5 degrees. A week later we take it out and sow it in a bowl with soil: peat land in half with vermiculite (or sand). Sprinkle with earth only slightly. Moisturize the soil and put it back in the refrigerator for 1.5-2 months. We periodically take out and ventilate.
After a month and a half, we take it out and put it in a warm, bright place. We spray the crops with water from a spray bottle. We keep the plate in a plastic bag, airing it twice a day. Seeds germinate unfriendly, often only a few seeds from the package germinate. On average, germination is 20-30%.
When the seeds of roses germinate, form 3-4 real leaves, they can be planted in small pots, 8-10 cm in diameter in special soil for roses, bought in a store or land from their garden plot.
Rose transplant
A complete transplant is carried out in spring or summer. The soil for roses consists of 3 parts of sod earth, 1 part of humus earth and 1 part of sand. At the bottom of the pot, a good drainage is necessarily arranged 2 cm high. Roses prefer transshipment with the addition of fresh land than transplantation, i.e. when transplanting, try not to disturb the earthen lump with roots. The pots should not be too large, otherwise the flowering will drag on and not be plentiful .
Purchased soil mixtures can be used for transplanting roses. But before using the soil, you need to make sure that it is not only loose enough, but also passes water well. You can add vermiculite, coconut chips (from coconut briquettes) or sand to the soil.
Any soil mixture collected in the garden or bought in the store must be disinfected. The most common way is to warm it in a preheated oven for about 20-30 minutes, poured in an even layer on a baking sheet. Or in small batches in the microwave, not full power. With this method, the soil must be slightly moistened.