The method of propagation of plants by division is to divide the bush. This method is characteristic of plants that grow well in width (aspidistra, clivia, calla, cyperus, maranta, agapanthus, asparagus, ferns, passiflora, pineapple, etc.). When transplanted in spring, these plants, taken out of the pot, are divided in half or into more parts. For this, a well-sharpened knife is used. Each of the parts should have a small number of roots and growth buds. Plants that reproduce mainly by dividing the bush, as a rule, have one feature - they love cramped dishes. So, if aglaonem or sansevieria is put in too large a pot, the aerial part of the plant will not grow for a long time. In this inhibited state, the flower can last about a year.
Propagation of plants by root offspring
Theoretically, division by root offspring can be attributed to reproduction by division, i.e. as usual, root offspring have an independent root system. If they are not separated, the bush grows and then you have to divide it already large parts. In many plants, especially flowering ones, offspring strongly weaken the plant and they must be removed, for example, Kalla Ethiopian. By the way, sometimes the presence of root offspring plays a large role in the species definition of plants of the same family. So, some species of cordylins are very similar to dracens, they can be distinguished by some signs, one of which is the ability to form root offspring with cordylins, and dracens never have them.
The process of division by root offspring itself is not difficult. First, offspring-forming plants are usually normal transplants. Secondly, the offspring is already a small plant on independent roots, adapted in the ground, and not water, as in cuttings. When transplanting the mother plant, the offspring are separated with a sharp knife and immediately planted, but only in small pots. Too capacious capacity can contribute to the acidification of the earth during watering, and inhibit the growth of a young plant. After transplantation, sun-loving plants shade for the first two days.
Propagation of plants by children
Baby is a young plant that grew on the mother bush, unlike the root offspring, babies can grow on other parts of the plant - leaves, stems, even peduncles. The embryonic buds from which the children grow are usually located on any part of the plant except the roots. In cacti, children appear from areoles (a modified lateral kidney or the tip of an underdeveloped shoot), but sometimes when cutting the top of the cactus, children can appear from its central cylinder. Bromeliad babies appear from the kidneys of the hypocotyl.
Reproduction by children in some plants is not difficult, and sometimes you have to tinker. Cacti easily reproduce as children. It is enough to remove the baby from the mother plant and put it on the surface of the substrate in the pot, then do not water until the roots appear. Kalanchoe children also reproduce easily, the species Bryophyllum daigremontianum, which forms children along the edge of the leaf, is called viviparous, because it forms already full-fledged tiny kalankhoychiki with leaves and roots.
But the reproduction of bromeliads is more difficult, the child must be separated from the mother's plant when it reaches half of the "mother's" height, by this time, the child is developing its own roots or their rudiments. The separated child is immediately planted in the ground, if you cut off a small child without roots, you can try to root it in water, but the roots appear rather reluctantly, often the children rot and die.
In bulbous children, the formation of children allows you to preserve all varietal features, which is not guaranteed by seed reproduction, but the reproduction rate is different in different plants. For example, in hippeastrums, it is quite low. Babies form irregularly and are very reluctant in some varieties (terry varieties). Children are separated from the mother's bulb during transplantation. When separating, the baby should be at least 2 cm, with good roots.
There are special techniques for obtaining children in some bulbous, for example, in hyacinths. At the bulb taken out of the ground, a deep cruciform incision is made on the bottom, or the bottom is cut out, so as to expose the lower parts of the scales. The bulb is dried for 2-3 days, and then removed to a shaded dry place, for example, on a rack. From the buds of renewal laid between the scales of the bulb, daughter bulbs begin to develop.
Propagation of plants by tubers and pieces of rhizomes
Reproduction by tubers and pieces of rhizomes is used for the reproduction of gloxinium, caladium, tuberous begonia, etc. Tubers are divided after they are germinated in warm and humid conditions. With a sharp knife, the tuber is cut into several parts. It is important that when dividing, each part of the tuber has at least one kidney (eye). The slices on the tubers are sprinkled with crushed charcoal to avoid its decay and planted in fresh earth. A very interesting experiment can be carried out with the cultivation of ginger. Broken ginger rhizomes are sold in grocery hypermarkets, which are quite suitable for germination. A piece of such rhizome is placed in a pot with good drainage and covered with earth (universal soil can be used). With moderate moistening of the earth, in a few days - a week seedlings will appear.